Incas Versus The Aztecs And Mayans Essay - 1315 Words

Incas versus the Aztecs and Mayans The incas rose in 1438, they fell in 1533. They suffered the attacks of Spanish conquerors such as Spaniard Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541) and the spread of small box. At the peak of power the civilization extended 4,000 km (2,500 miles) and included 16 million people. They were extremely advanced, had an army, laws, roads, bridges, and tunnels. Inca’s were the most advanced civilization because of their government, agriculture, architecture and technology compared to the Aztecs and Mayans. There are many aspects to the government hierarchy. The Inca government at Cuzco maintained a strong military and passed laws to create official customs, an official language, and calendar. They had a government that established law. â€Å"The Inca government was called the Tawantinsuyu. It was a monarchy ruled by a single leader called the Sapa Inca.† His principal wife (queen) was called the coya. â€Å"The Sapa Inca were several officers who helped to rule the empire. High ranking officials were often relatives of the emperor and were always part of the Inca class.† They had seven different levels of officers helping rule. Viceroy also known as the Inkap Rantin who worked as the advisor and was a close relative. High priest also known as the Willaq Umu he was the second in power. Governs of a Quarter also known as an Apu and they govern their quarter of the Empire. There are others like the council of realm, the inspectors, the military generals and theShow MoreRe latedBook Analysis of Katun: A Twenty Year Journey with the Maya918 Words   |  4 PagesBook Analysis of Katun: A Twenty Year Journey with the Maya The Mayan people of the Yucatan Peninsula have endured great changes over their history, but many changes have occurred more recently as documented in the book by Cindy Hull. During a study in which she lived in Yaxbe for several decades, Hull examined the effects that this change has had on the people of the village and the Mayan people at large. Initially, Hull found that much was different about living with the people because sheRead MoreThe Westward Spread of Inca and Egyptian Culture Essay2138 Words   |  9 PagesThe Westward Spread of Inca and Egyptian Culture The second half of the twentieth century has seen many changes in theories concerning the mode of colonization of the islands of Micronesia, and the rise of the Inca Empire, with its striking similarities to Egypt. In the past, it has been suggested that Asians had worked their way through the Pacific, over a period of thousands of years. It was believed that each island group had formed independently, and that the residentsRead MoreBarrio Boy by Ernesto Galarza and A Place to Stand by Jimmy Santiago Baca1774 Words   |  8 Pagesbig part in writing. In Our America by Josà © Martà ­, he identifies and defends American indigenous cultures and memory. He talks about how there is no Latin American advancement without justice for indigenous America. â€Å"The history of America, from the Incas to the present, must be taught in clear detail and to the letter, even if the archons of Greece are overlooked† (Jose: 114). This writing by Martà ­ is extremely powerful and all throughout his writing it clearly supports American indigenous cultures

Excello Telecommuncations - 1587 Words

RUNNING HEAD: EXCELLO TELECOMMUNICATIONS CASE Excello Telecommunications Case Kevin C ETH/376 February 10, 2014 Excello Telecommunications Case The year is quickly ending for Excello Telecommunications, and they are trying to maximize earnings for the company. With increased competition from foreign companies, Excello meeting its financial estimates are looking bleak. Failure to meet earnings expectations can reduce the availability of bonuses, stock options and could lessen the value of the company. Because of the threat in not meeting estimated earnings, the company’s CFO Terry Reed has a plan to make one last effort to meet company goals. Terry Reed has knowledge about a sale of $1.2 million to a†¦show more content†¦Section 401 forces companies the discloser of periodic reports from the company. Section 807 describes a clear definition on the criminal penalties for executives who break the law. Excello GAAP Accounting Excello accounting standards in the case study shows that the CFO wanted to make a decision based on an operating decision going against accounting standards. GAAP principles must be followed by Excello when preparing financial statements. When the company releases the financial statements, it must be in compliance with GAAP. With that in mind, the accounting department must also comply with GAAP principles when the $1.2 million sale is posted. Excello must follow revenue recognition rules when the sale is recognized by the company. Revenues resulting from selling inventory must be recognized at the date of the sale, often viewed under date of delivery. If the company used accrual basis of accounting, the revenues are recognized when they are earned, and expenses are matched with the revenues generated by the sale. So for Excello, the sale cannot be reported in 2010 because the sale would occur in 2011. Because Excello still possess the goods at the end of the year, the sa le recognition cannot occur. The financial statements have to reflect the true accounting activities for 2010, so the reports are transparent, reliable and consistent. If Excello went ahead and reported the revenue in 2010, the report will not be truthful and unreliable for

Provide Leadership Across the Organization

Question: Define the Provide Leadership Across the Organization. Answer: 1: Part A: Meeting plan Step 1 Firstly, as a supervisor of CliniCloud, I will have to welcome the newly appointed people within the organization. In the welcome process, I will have to introduce myself briefly. Then I will have to focus on the introduction of CliniCloud. I will also have to share mission, vision and aim of the organization. For instance, the company is focusing on to increase its sales volume to up to 10% and also aims to provide the best services at the store. I will also have to share that the future goal of CliniCloud is to become one of the fastest growing retail organizations in Australia so that new appointed employees can feel motivated in joining the organization. Step 2 After the introduction, I will have to share the ethics and values of CliniCloud. I will have to share that the company is committed to provide the best possible products at the cheapest price in the market. However, I will also share the information that CliniCloud will compromise with the business ethics in order to provide products at the cheapest price. In fact, CliniCloud will focus on the maintenance of positive relationship with all its suppliers. Step 3 In the third step, I will have to engage with the employees to understand their career aim and objectives. Furthermore, I will have to provide a proper career path for the employees so that they can feel motivated to associate with the organization for a longer period. I will also have to share the information that CliniCloud will provide for the professional development of the employees. Step 4 In the fourth step, I will highlight the significance of team development for the organizational developmental process. Therefore, I will have to consult with each of the employees in order to describe their role in the team. I believe role specification will reduce the possibility of miscommunication that eventually improve the cohesiveness among the team members. Step 5 After that, I have to encourage the employees to maintain diversity in the team. Since, I believe diversity in a team actually include different perspectives. Therefore, it can be beneficial at the time of facing difficulties in the organizational workplace. Furthermore, I will also encourage all the employees to share any concern with me so that I can refer that to the higher authority. I will share different fun initiatives of CliniCloud so that organization can able to maintain positive work atmosphere. Step 6 I will also highlight different risk factors that can actually affect the business process of CliniCloud. For instance, I will have to share information about the significance of providing the best possible customer service for maintaining its position in the market. I will also have to share the best possible way to reduce the risk factors. Step 7 In the final step of the meeting, I will provide chance for the employees to ask any questions related to work and their professional career. I will make sure no confusion remains in the mind of the employees. 1: As per the article by Chhokar, Brodbeck House (2013) leaders has critical role to play in enhancing the performance level of the employees. In fact, studies have highlighted that there can be no leadership when there is no influence. In organizational structure, leaders focus on the effectiveness of the teamwork so that organization can actually able to fulfill its objectives. In CliniCloud, management focuses on the teamwork so that employees can able to think positively in performing their responsibilities. Furthermore, decision-making strategies of leaders also play a crucial role in the motivational level of the employees. Therefore, it creates direct impact on the performance level of the employees. In the meeting, I have mentioned that CliniCloud utilize opinions of the employees before making any crucial decision in the organizational work process. Therefore, I have found that it has created positive vibe on the mind of new employees. Furthermore, leaders are responsible for developing organizational culture. As per the article by Avolio Yammarino (2013), organizational culture can actually influence employees to give their best at the workplace. In meeting, I have mentioned that CliniCloud maintain a positive work culture so that employees does not feel demotivated towards their work. 2: In the meeting, I have identified that our existing work culture is quite effective in motivating all the employees towards their responsibilities. However, I have also found some suggestion that can be taken in to consideration in improving the present work culture in order to enhance its position in the market place. Furthermore, as we are developing a new branch it is also important to maintain the same level of work culture in the new branch as well. Otherwise, it actually may affect the overall business process of the organization (Beck Cowan, 2014). I have found two important suggestions to enhance the workplace culture. The meeting emphasizes on the effective utilization of the better communication tools in order to maintain coordination between new and old branches. Another suggestion is to focus more on the employee concern and problems. I believe it is expected that employees will face difficulties in running the operational process at the new branch effectively. Therefore, superiors will have to guide employees in an appropriate way that eventually will create positive impact on the workplace culture. 3: I believe gaining trust of the employees is a long-term process. Therefore, I will follow a systematic procedure so that employees do not have to face too much difficulty at the time of performing their responsibilities. First of all, I have to assess the performance level of all the employees in order to identify specific needs. Furthermore, I will have to maintain continues communication process so that employees can able to share the difficulties that they are facing at the workplace in a much more effective way. I also have to ensure that all the employees can able to have effective support from the management so that they feel motivated towards their work. I also will utilize democratic decision-making strategy so that employees can feel themselves as an integral part of the organization. Past and background: I am currently working as a supervisor in CliniCloud. I associated with retail industry for more 2 years now. In my first job, I was appointed as a store executive where my responsibility is to provide the best possible service to the customers. Within 6 months after joining, I have able to get a promotion to the designation of senior store executive. During my promotion, superiors have said that I have performed better than their expectancy. However, I also always tried to keep track of my performance level from my immediate superiors. One of my superior has said that I possess an excellent communication skill. However, I need to work on my patience level, as it is necessary in increasing the satisfaction level of the customers. After 1 year, I have joined CliniClub as a Supervisor where my responsibility is to guide the ground level employees in performing their responsibilities effectively. Professional objectives: Specific I want to become senior store manager of a global retail organization. Measurable I am focusing on continues 120% achievement of the sales target provided by the organization. Achievable I want to earn $1,00,000 per year. Realistic I am focusing on attaining several management seminars so that I could able to enhance my management skill at the expected level. Time-specific I am giving myself 5 years for achieving the senior store manager position in a global retail organization. Table 2: Professional objectives (Source: As created by the author) Professional development plan: In order to become a senior store manager, I will have to gain fare share of experience in handling retail activities. I know that handling store operation is not an easy responsibility. It includes tasks like employee management, supplier management, customer service maintenance, evaluation of the entire sales report, identification of growth of the organization (Boezeman Ellemers, 2014). Thus, my career plan will have a systematic approach. Otherwise, it will be very difficult to fulfill all the objectives of my career development plan. I believe that continues good performance is the only key for success for any professional. Therefore, I will always try to make sure that I have over achieved the organizational target. I also give myself 5 years time in order to gain experience and skills in the related field. Furthermore, I will continuously focus on the skill development, as it is necessary to become a successful manager. Available opportunities: I believe working in the retail sector will allow me to interact with the customers on a daily basis. Therefore, it will enhance my communication skill. Therefore, I believe I can also able to excel in other industry as well. For instance, I believe experience in the retail sector will also help me to face the challenges of e-commerce industry as well. However, I do like to remain in the retail sector, as I found this a very challenging. Desired work life balance: Work life balance plays a significant role in creating satisfaction level of the employees (Goethals et al., 2014). I think it will be more comfortable for me, if organization provide me a flexible working hour. However, as I am an energetic healthy employee, it will not be very difficult for me to work under stretched working hour. References: Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013).Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Beck, D. E., Cowan, C. (2014).Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Boezeman, E. J., Ellemers, N. (2014). Volunteer leadership: The role of pride and respect in organizational identification and leadership satisfaction.Leadership,10(2), 160-173. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Goethals, G., Allison, S., Kramer, R., Messick, D. (Eds.). (2014).Conceptions of leadership: Enduring ideas and emerging insights. Springer.

Mental Health in Adolescents Essay Example

Mental Health in Adolescents Essay Mental Health Service Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidality Amy H Cheung, M D Carolyn S Dewa, Objectives: Despite being recognized as a serious public health concern, suicidality among adolescents and young adults is frequently missed, and completed suicide remains the second leading cause of death for young Canadians. With such close links between depression, suicidality, and completed suicide, any intervention must address all 3 of these issues. However, to develop effective interventions, we must understand the types and rates of mental health service use among adolescents and young adults. This study examines service use rates in young Canadians with depression and suicidality and the influence of sex on the types of service provider chosen. Methods: We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Weil-Being. Our sample included 619 individuals, aged 15 to 24 years, who screened positive for depression and suicidality in the past 12 months. We examined mental health service use rates in general and by provider type. Results: Among adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with depression, 40% had not used any mental health services. This rate was higher for adolescents with suicidality at 50%. In young adults aged 19 to 24 with depression, 42% had not used any mental health services. Among young adults with suicidality, 48% had not accessed services. Female adolescents and young adults were more likely to receive services from nonspecialty mental health providers. Conclusions: In Canada, many adolescents and young adults with depression and suicidality do not receive mental health services. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health in Adolescents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health in Adolescents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health in Adolescents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further, there may be a preferential treatment of young men by mental health specialists. Further research is needed to understand the quality of care received by these young Canadians and the factors influencing service use. (Can J Psychiatry 2007;52:228-232) Information on funding and support and author affiliations appears at the end of the article. Clinical Implications †¢ About 50% of adolescents and young adults with depression and suicidality do not use mental health services. †¢ Strategies to increase service use in youth with depression are needed. Strategies to decrease differences between the sexes in service use are needed. Limitations †¢ The quality of care could not be examined from the CCHS 1. 2 data. †¢ The survey results were based on patient recall. †¢ Although this was a national population-based study, the sample size was small. 228 †¢ La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, vol 52, no 4, avril 2007 Mental Health Service Use Among Adolesc ents and Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidality Key Words: adolescents, depression, suicidality, service use, young adults D pression and suicidality (ideation and attempts) among adolescents and young adults are frequently unrecognized and untreated by any health professionals. Not only are depression and suicidality often linked, but both pose a significant burden on patients and their families. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth aged 15 to 18 years, second only to motor vehicle accidents. ^ Further, almost 50% of teens who complete suicide have a diagnosable mood disorder, such as depression, and have expressed suicidality prior to completing suicide. ^^ There are also consistent differences between male and female adolescents, with male adolescents more likely to complete suicide and female adolescents more likely to have depression and suicidality. ^ Policy-makers, families, and providers have struggled to understand how to address this significant public health issue. A first step in addressing the issue is to understand the mental health service use pattems among adolescents and young adults with depression and suicidality. Given the differences in prevalence rates between young men and women, it is also critical to understand the influence of sex on service use in this age group. have a form of depression. ^ Further, according to a biannual survey of youth in the United States, more than 16% of US teenagers have had thoughts about suicide, and 10% had actually attempted suicide in the previous 12 months. We found similar rates in Canada, with almost 20% of teens aged 15 to 18 years reporting suicidality in their lifetime. However, it is not known how many of these youth received mental health interventions. Given that depression and suicidality are so closely linked, it would be a reasonable first step to examine the rates of mental health service use among Canadian adolescents and young adults and, flirther, to look at which type of service provider they are seeing to address these problems. Therefore, this study examines the rates of service use in adolescents aged 15 to 18 and young adults aged 19 to 24 with depression and suicidality. We will also comment on how these service use rates could be used to develop policies targeted at this population. Methods Subjects The survey sample was drawn from the CCHS 1. 2. We examined a subsample of CCHS 1. 2 respondents aged 15 to 24 years. The total sample size for the CCHS 1. 2 is 36 984, with a sample size of 5646 for individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Our subsample included 619 individuals who screened positive for a diagnosis of depression and (or) suicidality in the past 12 months. We examined the rates of mental health service use in general and according to provider type. Major Depressive Disorder. The diagnosis of MDD was evaluated in the CCHS 1. 2 through the use of structured interviews. The interview modules were drawn from the CIDI. ^ A diagnosis of MDD was derived from the CIDI. We used the 12-month estimates for MDD. Suicidality. Suicidal attempts and ideation were measured by using the questions on suicide in the depression section ofthe CCHS 1. 2 survey. Subjects were interviewed for suicidality regardless of their screen for depression. Although there are significant risk differences between those with suicidal ideation and those with attempts, we combined these 2 groups in our analyses because of Statistics Canada reporting rules regarding rare events. Service Use. Service use for MDD and suicidality was measured with mental health service use questions. All service use was measured according to provider and place of contact in the following groups: GPs (nonpsychiatrist medical doctors), psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers or counsellors, and other professionals, including nurses, religious counsellors (such as ministers or rabbis), and naturopaths or other alternative health care practitioners. Service use for each of the groups was defined according to use and nonuse. Statistical Analyses The CCHS 1. 2 uses a stratified design with differences in sampling fractions across the strata, with some geographical 229 Several studies have examined the rates of mental health service use by adolescents and young adults. However, most of these have been US-based studies. * These studies show that service use is less than 50% among adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years* and that up to 80% of children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years do not receive needed mental health services. Among adolescents with depression, 50% are not diagnosed prior to adulthood. * In Canada, the rates of depression and service use in Canadians aged 15 to 24 were examined in the Ontario Mental Health Supplement in the early 1990s, which found the rate of service use in this age group to be less than 50%. However, aside from the supplement, no other Canadian study has examined the rates of service use by young Canadians aged 15 to 24 with depression. Therefore, even with the increasing recognition by policymakers and service providers that depression poses a significant burden on our youth and their families, there is very little research furthering our understanding of this issue or helping to develop effective strategies to address it. Similarly, we know very little about young individuals with suicidality and their pattern of service use. US surveys have shown that more than 50% of youth who complete suicide Abbreviations used in this article CCHS 1. Cl CIDI GP MDD Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Heaith and Weli-Being confidence interval Composite International Diagnostic Interview general practicitioner major depressive disorder The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Voi 52, No 4, Aprii 2007 Original Research Table 1 Twelve-month service use rates by provider type among youth with major depression and sutcidality Any service % (95%CI) Psychiatrist % (95%CI) GP % (95%CI) Psychologist % (95%CI) Social worker or counsellor % (95%CI) Other provider % (95%CI) Respondents Adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. suffered from major depression Male Female 56. 3 (34. 4 to 78. 1) 55. 9 (40. 7 to 71. 1) 45. 5 (21. 2 to 69. 9) 21. 4 (11. 2 to 31. 6) 24. 6 (7. 2 to 42. 0) 30. 7 (17. 9 to 43. 6) 25. 2 (0. 5 to 49. 8) 16. 7 (7. 9 to 25. 5) 10. 8 (0. 9 to 20. 7) 39. 9 (24. 7 to 55. 0) 23. 9 (-0. 6 to 48. 3) 16. 4(8. 1 to 24. 8) Adults aged 19 to 24 years, suffered from major depression Men Women 52. 5 (37. 3 to 67. 8) 55. 6 (44. 3 to 66. 9) 28. 9 (15. 3 to 42. 5) 26. 1 (18. 0 to 34. 2) 37. (22. 2 to 51. 9) 45. 9 (35. 3 to 56. 5) 33. 9 (19. 2 to 48. 6) 21. 9 (13. 4 to 30. 5) 17. 6 (7. 8 to 27. 5) 29. 1 (20. 3 to 38. 0) 9. 5 (1. 9 to 17. 1) 21. 1 (12. 7 to 29. 5) Adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. suffered from suicidality Male Female 36. 5 (18. 4 to 54. 5) 49. 0 (38. 5 to 59. 5) 23. 3 (6. 3 to 40. 3) 19. 3 (10. 9 to 27. 7) 14. 7 (4. 4 to 25. 1) 27. 2 (17. 7 to 36. 7) 21. 7 (4. 5 to 38. 8) 21. 0 (12. 3 to 29. 8) 13. 2 (4. 2 to 22. 2) 31. 9(22. 1 to 41. 7) 16. 2 (-1. 1 to 33. 4) 15. 9 (8. 5 to 23. 3) Adults aged 19 to 24 years, suffered from suicidaiity Men Women 39. 5(27. 1 to 51. 9) 50. 8 (37. 0 to 64. 6) 22. 6 (12. 3 to 33. 0) 17. 5 (9. 6 to 25. 4) 27. 9 (16. 6 to 39. 1) 41. 3 (28. 3 to 54. 3) 24. 1 (10. 9 to 37. 3) 24. 6 (14. 0 to 35. 2) 12. 8 (4. 9 to 20. 7) 20. 8 (11. 6 to 30. 0) 9. 3 (2. 2 to 16. 4) 16. 2 (7. 0 to 25. 3) areas under- or overrepresented in the sample relative to their representation in the population. Therefore, we used the weights recommended by Statistics Canada when conducting analyses. Rates of service use for mental health reasons were calculated for subjects with MDD and (or) suicidality in the past 12 months. Service use rates were examined according to provider type and the sex ofthe subjects. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine for differences between young men and women with depression and (or) suicidality. Results Among adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with depression, 40% (95%CI, 28% to 53%) had not used any mental health services. The rate was higher for those with suicidality, at 50% (95%CI, 41% to 59%). Most adolescents and young adults with depression were either not accessing services at all or accessing services for their mental health problems through one provider. Among those aged 15 to 18 years, 22% (95%CI, 11% to 33%) accessed services through one provider, compared with 20% (95%CI, 14% to 27%) of those aged 19 to 24 years. Among young adults aged 19 to 24 years with depression, 42% (95%CI, 33% to 51%) had not used any health services for mental health reasons. For those with suicidality, 48% (95% CI, 39% to 5 8%) had not accessed services in the past 12 months. As with those with depression, most of our sample with suicidality either did not access services at all or accessed services through one provider. Among those aged 15 to 18 years with suicidality, 21% (95%CI, 14% to 28%) accessed services through one provider, compared with 22. 12% (95%CI, 14% to 30%) of those aged 19 to 24 years. 230 Differences between young men and women were not found in the overall use of mental health services. Service use by type of provider and sex are shown in Table 1. However, female adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with depression were more likely to use services from social workers and (or) counsellors, compared with male adolescents (female adolescents; 40% [95%CI, 25% to 55%]; male adolescents, 11% [95%CI, 1% to 21%]). Similarly, in young adults aged 19 to 24, a higher percentage of yotmg women saw social workers and (or) counsellors (women, 29% [95%CI, 20% to 38%]; men, 18% [95%CI, 8% to 28%]). For those with suicidality, female subjects in both age groups were more likely to use mental health services from GPs. Among those aged 15 to 18, 15% (95%CI, 4% to 25%) of male adolescents saw GPs, compared with 27% (95%CI, 18% to 37%) of female adolescents. Among those aged 19 to 24, 27. 9% (95%CI, 17% to 39%) of young men saw GPs, compared with 41% (95%CI, 28% to 54%) of young women. Overall, female adolescents and young adults with depression and (or) suicidality were more likely than male adolescents and young adults to use services from GPs (female subjects aged 15 to 18 years: x^ = 4. 53, dfl,P 0. 03; aged 19 to 24: X = 14. 88, df 1, P 0. 001) and from social workers and (or) ^ counsellors (aged 15to 18:^^=15. 54,dfl,P